3D scattering-enabled vectorial holographic projection with a binary amplitude hologram

Assisted with wavefront shaping (WFS) techniques, scattering materials (SMs) highlight the broad prospects and significant potential of scattering-enabled holograms in the field of high-capacity, high-fidelity, and crosstalk-free 3D vectorial holographic projections. However, the scattering-enabled holograms reported for holographic projections are phase-only holograms, complex amplitude holograms, or polarization holograms. Here, we report 3D scattering-enabled vectorial holography with a binary amplitude hologram, which is calculated with our proposed 3D optimal accumulation algorithm (3D OAA). Our proposed algorithm is so simple that only simple addition and comparison operations are required for calculating the optimal binary amplitude hologram, which can achieve the simultaneous control of 3D intensity and polarization distributions through the SM. In experiments, we project four polarization foci with various polarization states on four planes simultaneously with a scattering-enabled binary amplitude hologram, and an average degree of polarization over 95% is achieved for complete polarization control. Moreover, complex polarization-multiplexed images at four planes are also projected, and the average Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) of the projected images over 0.80 with respect to the ground truth is achieved. Furthermore, by exploiting the rapid switching ability of digital micromirror device (DMD), we demonstrate dynamic 3D scattering-enabled vectorial holographic projection with a reconfigurable binary amplitude hologram rendered with DMD. Our proposed approach opens a unique avenue to multifunctional 3D vectorial holographic projection with a binary amplitude hologram.